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In recent times there has been an increase in the number of bed bug infestations. Bed bugs are common all around the world and also have been found in Australia in tiny numbers. Recently they've become widespread with infestations increasing substantially in Victoria, and most areas of the Earth, within the last ten decades. .

The main reason behind the increase is supposed to be due to insecticide resistance; modern bed bugs are highly resilient to many of those commonly used insecticides. Other contributing factors include the increase in world travel with bed bugs being spread in luggage, shoes and clothing. Once acquired at turnover accommodation, the hitchhiking bed bugs may then be transported and brought back to the homes of guests in their own luggage.

Many hostels have now banned the usage of travelers own sleeping linen in shared accommodation for a safety precaution against this pest.

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In early infestations, bed bugs are found around the seams, beading and folds of mattresses, sleeping bags and sheets. Later, since the infestation spreads, the bugs move to any tiny crevices, which might be in bed heads, skirting boards, cracks in plaster and bedroom furniture. Because of their colour, adult bed bugs can easily be spotted with the naked eye on sheets and bedding, but very difficult to view on brown wooden floors and other dark surfaces.

Heavily used hiding areas are evident by black or brown spots of blood excrement or spotting. There might also be an offensive sweet sticky odour when bed bugs are numerous. This odour called buggy is like the odour when a stink bug is squashed. White eggs, the egg cases and moulted skin cubes may also be found near such areas, in addition to living bed bugs. .

Bed bugs use pheromones to communicate. This method of communication and also the launch of alarm pheromones can make them very difficult to deal with as bed bugs become alert and fast vacate the region being treated if not previously properly quarantined.

Bed bugs can spread into a new residence by traveling between multi-unit housing such as dormitories and apartment buildings. Once they find a host, bed bugs will feed and are very likely to harbor in near proximity. In cases like this, new locations can quickly become infested with bed bugs in a brief amount of time. .

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Different people have varying reactions to the bites of bed bugs, depending on a number of variables. Some individuals have little or no reaction to the sting. In others the sting site can become red and intensely itchy. This can occur during the course of the night or might take up to develop.

The wheals may range from 2 cm to 5 cm in width with inflammation common. Anaphylactic shock could happen in individuals that are highly contagious, but this is quite rare. .

Discomfort and reduction of sleep is common from the psychological ramifications this link of bed bugs. Bites may be found on a variety of areas on the body. Another feature is the bites are occasionally in orderly rows, unlike the random pattern of mosquitoes. These rows are brought on by the bed bug being upset during feeding and having to pierce the skin to nourish again.

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Bed bugs mainly feed on humans but may feed on mammals and poultry if necessary. Although they may carry diseases like hepatitis they're not known to transfer such ailments to individuals.

Bed bugs are problematic to treat, with eradication unlikely to be accomplished with a single treatment. Sprays will kill the bed bugs but they are largely ineffective on the eggs. Follow up inspections are required and further treatments are often necessary.

The survival of bed bug eggs is also an issue. It is not uncommon for the live bed bugs amongst an infestation to be completely eradicated during an effective treatment cycle, only to have the remaining or surviving eggs hatch and populate the location once again. The eggs can also have an incubation period of up to two weeks and could be deposited in hidden areas that are difficult to treat. .

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This stubborn tendency of bed bug infestations are made more problematic because of the now smaller size of this newly re-emerged mattress bug nymph. Once an infestation is detected, all adjoining rooms need to be inspected and handled if also influenced.

This can be finished by using adhesive tape (if insect numbers are very little ) to trap the insect. Vacuuming is also recommended before substance treatment as it eliminates all dust and debris from the website of this infestation making it easier for following chemical control to penetrate and in turn succeed.